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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
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Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope.

S Valenti1, A Pastorello, E Cappellaro

  • 1Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK. s.valenti@qub.ac.uk

Nature
|June 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Astronomers discovered SN 2008ha, a faint, hydrogen-poor supernova. This finding may link faint supernovae to long-duration gamma-ray bursts, previously unassociated with visible supernovae.

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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • * Astrophysics
  • * Stellar Evolution
  • * Supernova Physics

Background:

  • * Massive stars (>25-30 solar masses) may become hydrogen-deficient Wolf-Rayet stars due to strong stellar winds.
  • * Core collapse in massive stars can produce low-energy supernovae with faint luminosity and low kinetic energy ejecta.
  • * An alternative origin for low-energy supernovae is the collapse of oxygen-neon cores in stars of 7-9 solar masses.
  • * Previously, no faint, hydrogen-deficient, core-collapse supernovae had been observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To report the discovery and characteristics of SN 2008ha, a faint hydrogen-poor supernova.
  • * To investigate the potential misclassification of similar faint supernovae as peculiar thermonuclear events (SN 2002cx-like).
  • * To explore the connection between faint, hydrogen-stripped core-collapse supernovae and long-duration gamma-ray bursts.

Main Methods:

  • * Observational astronomy: Detection and analysis of SN 2008ha.
  • * Spectroscopic analysis to determine supernova properties (e.g., hydrogen deficiency, luminosity).
  • * Theoretical modeling to link observed supernova characteristics to stellar evolution pathways.

Main Results:

  • * SN 2008ha identified as a faint, hydrogen-poor supernova.
  • * Proposal that similar events may have been misclassified as SN 2002cx-like supernovae.
  • * Potential association established between faint, hydrogen-stripped supernovae and long-duration gamma-ray bursts.

Conclusions:

  • * SN 2008ha represents a new class of observed faint supernovae.
  • * The misclassification of similar events could explain the previous lack of observation.
  • * This discovery provides a potential observational link to long-duration gamma-ray bursts.