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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Fiber Bragg-grating strain sensor interrogation using laser radio-frequency modulation.

G Gagliardi, M Salza, P Ferraro

    Optics Express
    |June 5, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study shows radio-frequency modulation spectroscopy can interrogate fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). This technique precisely measures strain with high sensitivity, enabling accurate static and dynamic strain analysis.

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    Published on: April 26, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Materials Science and Engineering

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used in sensing applications.
    • Interrogation of FBGs typically relies on wavelength-based measurements.
    • Existing methods may face limitations in sensitivity or dynamic range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate radio-frequency (RF) modulation spectroscopy for FBG interrogation.
    • To assess the sensitivity and performance of this novel technique for strain measurement.
    • To explore the potential for static and dynamic strain analysis using RF modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Superimposing 2 GHz sidebands onto a 1560-nm DFB diode laser output.
    • Demodulating the FBG reflected power at multiples of the sideband frequency.
    • Analyzing the sideband-to-carrier beat signal for Bragg wavelength shifts.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved noise-equivalent strain sensitivities of 150 nε/√Hz (quasi-static, 2 Hz) and 1.6 nε/√Hz (1 kHz).
    • Demonstrated high sensitivity to Bragg wavelength shifts caused by mechanical stress.
    • Frequency response limited to 20 kHz by test device bandwidth, indicating potential for higher frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • RF modulation spectroscopy is a viable technique for FBG interrogation.
    • The method offers high sensitivity for both static and dynamic strain measurements.
    • Potential for improved long-term reproducibility using molecular absorption lines for laser stabilization.