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Multiple Allele Traits

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Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Law of Segregation

Law of Segregation

When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...

Types of Selection

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

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Polymorphism in multiallelic migration-selection models with dominance.

Thomas Nagylaki¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. nagylaki@uchicago.edu

Theoretical Population Biology

|June 5, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gene frequency evolution in populations with migration and selection is explored. Dominance effects, under specific conditions, do not alter evolutionary outcomes, maintaining stability and limiting allele numbers.

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Area of Science:

Population Genetics
Evolutionary Biology
Mathematical Biology

Background:

Investigates gene frequency dynamics in subdivided populations.
Considers the interplay of migration and viability selection with genetic dominance.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the evolution of gene frequencies under joint selection and migration.
To determine the impact of dominance on population genetic equilibria.

Main Methods:

Mathematical modeling of a monoecious, diploid population with multiple alleles.
Analysis of panmictic colonies exchanging migrants independently of genotype.
Focus on Levene model assumptions and deme-independent dominance.

Main Results:

When dominance is deme-independent under the Levene model, gene frequency evolution mirrors scenarios without dominance.
The number of demes acts as a generic upper bound for equilibrium allele numbers.
A single, globally attracting stable equilibrium exists; internal equilibria are globally asymptotically stable.

Conclusions:

Deme-independent dominance preserves evolutionary stability under migration and selection.
Deviations from the Levene model or deme-dependent dominance can alter these outcomes.
Analysis confirms stability properties for recessive alleles under weak selection and migration in two demes.