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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Evolution in the post-genome era.

Austin L Hughes1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. austin@biol.sc.edu

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
|June 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New books challenge the view of natural selection as the sole driver of evolution. They offer a modern perspective on evolutionary biology, incorporating recent advances in nucleotide sequence data and bioinformatics.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Nucleotide sequence data has revolutionized evolutionary biology.
  • Evolutionary concepts, influenced by Motoo Kimura, are foundational to bioinformatics.
  • A prevailing view of natural selection as an all-powerful force has limited modern evolutionary biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a corrective to outdated views in evolutionary biology.
  • To offer a glimpse into the future of evolutionary biology in the 21st century.
  • To integrate new perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms beyond solely natural selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent books by Joram Piatigorsky and Michael Lynch.
  • Analysis of theoretical underpinnings in evolutionary biology.
  • Integration of advances in nucleotide sequence data and bioinformatics.

Main Results:

  • Identified limitations in the traditional conception of natural selection.
  • Highlighted the role of new data and theoretical frameworks in evolutionary biology.
  • Presented a revised understanding of phenotypic evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Modern evolutionary biology requires a broader perspective than just natural selection.
  • Future research will likely integrate diverse evolutionary forces and data types.
  • New insights promise to reshape the field of evolutionary biology.