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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

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Published on: April 17, 2015

Dynamics of liquid-liquid displacement.

Renate Fetzer¹, Melanie Ramiasa, John Ralston

¹Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|June 6, 2009

Summary

Investigating capillary-driven liquid-liquid displacement, this study reveals distinct dynamics based on substrate wettability. Molecular kinetic theory successfully models low-speed spreading, independent of wettability due to local contact line pinning.

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Surface science
Materials science

Background:

Capillary-driven liquid-liquid displacement is crucial in various industrial and natural processes.
Understanding contact line dynamics is essential for controlling multiphase flow.
The influence of substrate wettability on these dynamics in immiscible liquid systems remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate capillary-driven liquid-liquid displacement in systems with immiscible liquids of comparable viscosity.
To analyze the impact of substrate wettability on contact line dynamics.
To identify and model the distinct velocity regimes governing the displacement process.

Main Methods:

Optical high-speed video microscopy was employed to observe the displacement process.
Experiments were conducted on various substrates to assess wettability effects.
Hydrodynamic models and molecular kinetic theory (MKT) were used for analysis.

Main Results:

Two distinct velocity regimes were observed in contact line dynamics across all tested substrates.
Hydrodynamic models accurately described the initial, fast spreading stage.
Molecular kinetic theory (MKT) successfully captured the final, slow-speed stage, independent of substrate wettability.

Conclusions:

Substrate wettability does not systematically influence the molecular kinetic theory (MKT) model parameters in the low-speed regime.
Local contact line pinning is proposed as the underlying mechanism for the observed independence from wettability.
The findings provide new insights into the fundamental physics of multiphase flow at interfaces.