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Haemophilusinfluenzae type b conjugate vaccine for preventing pneumonia in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis: a

Ariel A Salas1, H Jorge Salazar, Victor H Velasco

  • 1Division of General Pediatrics, Clinica Caja Petrolera de Salud, 2525 Arce Ave., PO Box 3943, San Jorge, La Paz, Bolivia. ariel.a.salas@gmail.com

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|June 6, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis who were not vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) had a significantly higher risk of developing pneumonia. Vaccination is crucial for preventing severe outcomes in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine is known to reduce pneumonia risk in infants.
  • Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants, often leading to hospitalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine (HibCV) on preventing pneumonia in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
  • To assess the association between Hib vaccination status and the development of pneumonia as a complication.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted in La Paz, Bolivia, involving infants under one year of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis.
  • Cases were infants who developed radiological pneumonia during hospitalization; controls had good clinical progress without antibiotics.
  • Pneumonia was diagnosed via chest X-ray indicating alveolar consolidation requiring antibiotic treatment.

Main Results:

  • Eighty infants (16 cases, 64 controls) were studied; median age was 4.5 months.
  • Unvaccinated infants showed a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (68.8% vs. 26.6%) and longer hospital stays.
  • A strong association was found between unvaccinated status and pneumonia occurrence (odds ratio 6.1, p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis who are unvaccinated against Hib face a higher risk of radiologically confirmed pneumonia.
  • Further research is recommended to validate these findings and assess the burden of Hib infection in developing countries.
Abstract

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