[The Josephinium and pharmaceutical sciences]

In the Josephinum, which was the building of the medico-surgical military academy in Vienna (opened in 1785), a division was made by J. A. Schmidt between the term pharmacognosy and pharmacodynamics already before 1809. In 1849 C. D. Schroff established therein the Institute for Experimental Pharmacology of Vienna University and around 1864 A. E. Vogl began his outstanding microscopic investigations of pharmacologically relevant plants and of victuals. After 1922 R. Wasicky created the Institute of Pharmacognosy, which was the most modern of all the Austrian and German universities.