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Smoking, drinking and incident tuberculosis in rural India: population-based case-control study
Vendhan Gajalakshmi1, Richard Peto
1Epidemiological Research Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. gajaerc@gmail.com
International Journal of Epidemiology
|June 6, 2009
Summary
Smoking and drinking significantly increase the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This population-based study highlights these lifestyle factors as key contributors to TB incidence in men.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern.
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption are suspected contributors to TB incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between smoking and/or alcohol consumption and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
- To quantify the risk posed by these habits in a rural South Indian population.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study was conducted in rural South India.
- Data were collected from 1839 male and 870 female TB patients and 2134 male and 2119 female controls through home interviews.
- Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (RRs), adjusted for age and education.
Main Results:
- Smoking was strongly associated with increased pulmonary TB incidence in men (ever-smoker RR of 2.7).
- Alcohol consumption also showed an increased risk (ever-drinker RR of 2.2 before smoking adjustment).
- The impact of smoking on TB incidence remained significant even after adjusting for alcohol consumption.
Conclusions:
- This study confirms that both smoking and drinking habits are associated with a higher incidence of pulmonary TB.
- Smoking appears to have a more pronounced effect on TB incidence compared to drinking, even after accounting for the other habit.
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