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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Bile acid transporters.

Paul A Dawson1, Tian Lan, Anuradha Rao

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. pdawson@wfubmc.edu

Journal of Lipid Research
|June 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bile acid transporters in the liver and intestine are crucial for enterohepatic circulation and homeostasis. This review details their physiological roles and regulation, highlighting key proteins like OSTalpha-OSTbeta.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transporters are vital for enterohepatic circulation and bile acid homeostasis in the liver and intestine.
  • Significant advancements have been made in identifying membrane transporters and their regulation over the last two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological roles and regulation of bile acid transporters.
  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of these critical carriers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on bile acid transporters.
  • Synthesis of information on transporter function, localization, and regulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified key transporters: Na(+) taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, organic anion transporting polypeptides, bile salt export pump, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, and OSTalpha-OSTbeta.

More Related Videos

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
09:21

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Published on: January 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
09:21

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Published on: January 4, 2016

  • Described transporter roles in liver, intestine, biliary, renal, and colonic epithelium.
  • Highlighted the importance of these transporters in maintaining bile acid homeostasis and cytoprotective functions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Bile acid transporters are essential for physiological processes in multiple organs.
    • Understanding their regulation is key to comprehending bile acid homeostasis and potential therapeutic targets.