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Cytotoxic interactions of virus specific effector cells with virus infected targets of different cell type
Abstract:
The action of Sendai virus specific cytolytic T lumphocytes (CTL) against Sendai virus infected macrophages was found to be H-2 restricted while Sendai virus infected cell lines, including fibroblasts and tumour cells, were lysed across the H-2 barrier to some extent. The properties of the Meth-A tumour cell, which was resistant to lysis by allogenic killer cells was investigated. Sendai virus specific CTL failed to kill Sendai virus infected Meth-A cells but after vaccinia virus infection these target cells were susceptible to lysis by vaccinia virus specific CTL.
Insights
Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) killing of virus-infected cells shows H-2 restriction, but tumor cells can be lysed across this barrier. Tumor cells infected with vaccinia virus become susceptible to CTL lysis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a crucial role in antiviral immunity.
- H-2 restriction is a key principle governing T cell recognition of target cells.
- Tumor cells can exhibit resistance to immune surveillance and lysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the H-2 restriction of CTL activity against Sendai virus-infected cells.
- To examine the susceptibility of Meth-A tumor cells to CTL-mediated lysis.
- To determine if vaccinia virus infection alters the susceptibility of Meth-A cells to CTLs.
Main Methods:
- Generation and characterization of Sendai virus-specific CTLs.
- Assays for CTL-mediated lysis of virus-infected macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cell lines.
- Infection of Meth-A tumor cells with vaccinia virus followed by CTL lysis assays.
Main Results:
- Sendai virus-specific CTL lysis of infected macrophages was strictly H-2 restricted.
- Sendai virus-infected cell lines showed some lysis across the H-2 barrier.
- Sendai virus-specific CTLs could not lyse Sendai virus-infected Meth-A tumor cells.
- Meth-A cells infected with vaccinia virus became susceptible to lysis by vaccinia virus-specific CTLs.
Conclusions:
- CTL recognition of virus-infected cells is primarily MHC class I (H-2) restricted.
- Tumor cells can evade CTL-mediated lysis, but this resistance can be overcome by altering the cellular environment.
- Viral infections can modulate target cell susceptibility to immune responses.