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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Spectral interferometric coherent Raman imaging.

B Yellampalle, R Averitt, A Efimov

|June 6, 2009

Summary

We developed a sensitive coherent Raman imaging method using a single laser. This technique suppresses background noise and measures complex Raman signals for advanced microscopy.

Area of Science:

Coherent Raman Spectroscopy
Advanced Microscopy Techniques
Nonlinear Optics

Background:

Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy offers high chemical specificity.
Traditional CRS methods often suffer from non-resonant background interference.
Achieving sensitive and specific molecular imaging remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-background and sensitive coherent Raman imaging technique.
To enable simultaneous measurement of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)).
To combine key advantages for microscopy: single laser source, background suppression, and complex susceptibility measurement.

Main Methods:

Utilized selective excitation of Raman levels with chirped pulses from a single femtosecond laser.

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Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2022

Employed spectral interferometric detection for simultaneous acquisition of real and imaginary parts of χ(3).

Implemented a scheme to suppress non-resonant background signals.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a low-background coherent Raman imaging technique.
Achieved sensitive detection of Raman signals.
Successfully measured the complex resonant Raman third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)).

Conclusions:

The proposed technique combines a single femtosecond laser, non-resonant background suppression, and complex resonant Raman χ(3) measurement.
This method offers significant advantages for sensitive and specific molecular imaging in microscopy.
The developed technique advances coherent Raman imaging capabilities.