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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy
06:49

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Published on: August 6, 2008

Low-coherence interference microscopy with an improved switchable achromatic phase-shifter.

Maitreyee Roy, Guy Cox, Parameswaran Hariharan

    Optics Express
    |June 6, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel computer-controlled low-coherence interference microscope. Its modified optical layout enhances accuracy in fringe visibility and fractional fringe-order calculations using phase shifts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Microscopy
    • Interferometry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Low-coherence interference microscopy is crucial for high-resolution imaging.
    • Accurate phase shifting is essential for quantitative analysis in interferometry.
    • Existing phase-shifting methods can be complex or limited by component availability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an improved optical layout for low-coherence interference microscopy.
    • To integrate fast switchable achromatic phase-shifters for enhanced performance.
    • To simplify fringe visibility and fractional fringe-order calculations for maximum accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a computer-controlled low-coherence interference microscope.
    • Implemented a modified optical layout with switchable achromatic phase-shifters.
    • Employed ferro-electric liquid-crystal (FLC) devices with 45-degree switching angles to achieve 0 and +/-90 degree phase shifts.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully obtained phase shifts of 0 and +/-90 degrees.
    • Demonstrated simplified calculations for fringe visibility and fractional fringe-order.
    • Achieved maximum accuracy in quantitative phase measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified optical layout with fast switchable achromatic phase-shifters offers a significant advancement in low-coherence interference microscopy.
    • This approach enables precise and simplified quantitative analysis.
    • The use of readily available FLC materials makes the system practical and accessible.