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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
05:00

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Published on: March 3, 2021

Hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Anjali Parish1, Jatinder Bhatia

  • 1Section of Neonatology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA. aparish@mail.mcg.edu

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|June 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects newborns, causing severe outcomes or death in up to half of affected infants. Current HIE treatment focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms and maintain homeostasis.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
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Published on: March 3, 2021

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
08:47

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

Published on: November 19, 2008

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
10:30

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and encephalopathy (HIE) pose significant risks to neonates.
  • HIE affects 3-9 per 1000 term infants, with high rates of severe adverse outcomes or mortality.
  • Existing treatments for HIE are primarily supportive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  • To highlight the severity and impact of HIE on neonates.
  • To outline the supportive care strategies employed in HIE management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  • Analysis of incidence and outcome data for neonatal encephalopathy.
  • Summary of current supportive treatment protocols for HIE.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury leads to a spectrum of neurological damage in neonates.
  • Neonatal encephalopathy occurs in a significant proportion of term infants, with a high mortality and morbidity rate.
  • Supportive care, including resuscitation, homeostasis, and seizure management, is the mainstay of HIE treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a critical condition in newborns requiring prompt and comprehensive supportive care.
  • Effective management of HIE involves meticulous attention to physiological stability and neurological support.
  • Further research into targeted therapies may be warranted to improve outcomes for infants with HIE.