[Autoantibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Medical Diagnostics

Context:

• Systemic autoimmune diseases feature antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA).
• HEp-2 cell-based indirect immunofluorescence is standard for ANA screening.
• Laboratory results for ANA testing often show controversial findings despite high-quality kits.

Purpose:

• To recommend unified processing and interpretation of HEp-2 based screening for autoantibodies.
• To improve the diagnosis and care of patients with autoimmune diseases.

Summary:

• This article proposes standardized protocols for HEp-2 cell-based ANA screening.
• Recommendations include selecting high-quality test kits, optimizing processing, and diagnostic procedures.
• A unified approach involves initial screening at 1:80 dilution, evaluation with bright fluorescence microscopy, and defining pathological titers from 1:160, alongside internal quality checks.

Impact:

• Enhancing diagnostic consistency and reliability in autoimmune disease testing.
• Improving the accuracy of antinuclear autoantibody detection.
• Facilitating better patient management and outcomes in autoimmune conditions through standardized laboratory practices.