[Hypothyroid goiter with tracheal compression in a child in Cote d'Ivoire]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Thyroid Disorders
• Congenital Hypothyroidism

Background:

• Primary hypothyroid goiter can present with significant complications if diagnosed late.
• Tracheal compression is a rare but serious manifestation in pediatric thyroid disease.
• Untreated congenital hypothyroidism can lead to irreversible intellectual disability and growth failure.

Observation:

• A four-year-old child presented with a primary hypothyroid goiter causing severe tracheal compression.
• The child exhibited irreversible slowing of height and weight gain, alongside mental retardation.
• Diagnosis was delayed, highlighting challenges in identifying rare pediatric endocrine disorders.

Findings:

• The case underscores the potential severity of undiagnosed primary hypothyroid goiter.
• Late diagnosis resulted in permanent developmental deficits.
• Treatment with L-thyroxine was initiated, but the long-term effects of delayed intervention were evident.

Implications:

• Systematic neonatal screening for hypothyroidism is essential for early detection and prevention of severe outcomes.
• Implementing screening programs in developing countries is critical to address disparities in pediatric endocrine care.
• This case emphasizes the importance of considering rare thyroid pathologies in pediatric growth and developmental assessments.