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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Metabolic syndrome: perception or reality?

David C W Lau1

  • 1Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. dcwlau@ucalgary.ca

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic syndrome increases type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. This review examines if metabolic syndrome is a distinct clinical entity requiring intervention, considering traditional and lifetime risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome is linked to higher risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • It is considered a potential target for CVD risk reduction beyond established factors.
  • Debate exists on whether metabolic syndrome is a distinct clinical entity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for and against classifying metabolic syndrome as a distinct clinical condition.
  • To assess the necessity of therapeutic intervention for metabolic syndrome.
  • To emphasize comprehensive CVD risk evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and evidence appraisal.
  • Analysis of clinical and research data on metabolic syndrome.

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An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment
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  • Evaluation of risk assessment tools and strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • The clinical validity and therapeutic necessity of metabolic syndrome remain debated.
    • Traditional CVD risk factors and validated tools like the Framingham risk score are crucial.
    • Abdominal obesity warrants further cardiometabolic risk assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • A critical appraisal of evidence is needed to define metabolic syndrome's clinical status.
    • Risk assessment should integrate traditional, short-term, and lifetime CVD risk factors.
    • Further research may clarify the role of metabolic syndrome in clinical practice and intervention.