Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral Immune Responses

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Open letter from Chinese HIV professionals on human genome editing.

Lancet (London, England)·2018

Same author

From golden rice to aSTARice, more than just two steps forward in a pathway.

Science China. Life sciences·2018

Same author

Effects of long-term 4-nonylphenol dietary exposure on reproductive ability of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica).

Environmental science and pollution research international·2018

Same author

Exploring Medical Expenditure Clustering and the Determinants of High-Cost Populations from the Family Perspective: A Population-Based Retrospective Study from Rural China.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2018

Same author

A Self-Powered Engine Health Monitoring System Based on L-Shaped Wideband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester.

Micromachines·2018

Same author

Personal value orientations as mediated predictors of mental health: A three-culture study of Chinese, Russian, and German university students.

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination.

¹China-US Vaccine Research Center and Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. shan.lu@umassmed.edu

Current Opinion in Immunology

|June 9, 2009

Summary

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination, using different vaccines with the same antigens, can be more effective than traditional homologous boosts. This approach offers a novel immunization strategy with enhanced immunogenicity.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Infectious Disease Research

Background:

Effective vaccination often requires multiple immunizations, known as prime-boost strategies.
Traditional methods use the same vaccine multiple times (homologous prime-boost).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost vaccination.
To compare heterologous prime-boost with homologous prime-boost strategies.

Main Methods:

Utilized prime-boost immunization protocols.
Administered different vaccine types containing identical antigens for heterologous prime-boost.
Compared immune responses to homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens.

Main Results:

Heterologous prime-boost regimens demonstrated superior immunogenicity in many cases.
Identified heterologous prime-boost as a potentially more effective immunization strategy.

Conclusions:

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination offers a novel and potentially more immunogenic approach compared to homologous prime-boost.
This strategy enhances understanding of the immunological basis of vaccine efficacy.