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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Obesity in pregnancy.

Esa Davis¹, Christine Olson

¹Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. esa.davis@case.edu

|June 9, 2009

Summary

Childbearing can lead to long-term obesity in women. Managing prepregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, and postpartum weight is crucial for maternal health and preventing obesity.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Obesity Research
Maternal-Child Health

Background:

Childbearing is a significant factor in the long-term development of obesity among women.
High prepregnancy weight, excessive gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention are identified risk factors for maternal obesity.
Maternal obesity poses risks for both the mother and the infant, increasing morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the contribution of childbearing to long-term obesity in women.
To identify key factors during and after pregnancy that influence obesity risk.
To propose educational interventions for managing weight during and after pregnancy.

Main Methods:

This study is a review of existing literature on childbearing and obesity.

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Analysis of risk factors including prepregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, and postpartum weight retention.

Examination of the impact of maternal obesity on maternal and infant health outcomes.

Main Results:

Childbearing is a critical period associated with the onset and exacerbation of obesity in women.
Specific weight-related factors during pregnancy and postpartum are strongly linked to future obesity.
Maternal obesity has significant adverse effects on maternal and infant health.

Conclusions:

Interventions focusing on appropriate pregnancy weight gain and postpartum weight loss are essential.
Educating women on weight management strategies during the childbearing years may help mitigate the rise in obesity.
Addressing weight management around childbearing is vital for public health initiatives targeting obesity reduction.