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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Pregnancy and obesity.

Yariv Yogev1, Patrick M Catalano

  • 1Division of Perinatal, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah-Tiqva 49100, Israel. yarivyogev@hotmail.com

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity in women of reproductive age increases infertility and pregnancy risks, including gestational diabetes. This review covers pregravid obesity and pregnancy weight gain impacts on maternal and infant health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global epidemic affecting women of reproductive age.
  • Obesity is linked to higher infertility rates and numerous pregnancy complications.
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk is elevated in obese pregnant individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the implications of pregravid obesity on pregnancy.
  • To examine the effects of excessive gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes.
  • To analyze the association between maternal obesity, GDM, and adverse pregnancy results.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obesity, gestational weight gain, GDM, and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data concerning maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GDM development.
  • Analysis of the impact of excessive gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal complications.

Main Results:

  • Pregravid obesity significantly increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • Higher rates of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and cesarean delivery, are observed in obese women.
  • Excessive gestational weight gain exacerbates risks associated with obesity, leading to poorer maternal and infant outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Managing pregravid obesity and promoting healthy gestational weight gain are crucial for mitigating risks.
  • Interventions targeting weight management before and during pregnancy are essential for improving maternal-fetal health.
  • Addressing the worldwide obesity epidemic is vital for reducing the burden of GDM and associated pregnancy complications.