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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...

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Transfibular Approach to Posterior Malleolus Fracture Fixation: Technique Tip.

Foot & ankle international·2015
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Plantar heel pain.

E Pepper Toomey1

  • 1Swedish Orthopedic Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA. etoomey762@aol.com

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Plantar fasciitis treatment involves conservative options, with over 90% of patients achieving recovery. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy offers a noninvasive alternative with outcomes comparable to surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Plantar fasciitis is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition with an unclear cause.
  • Numerous conservative treatments exist, yet no single modality shows clear superiority.
  • Most patients (over 90%) experience resolution with non-operative management, though it may take 6-12 months.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of various treatment modalities for plantar fasciitis.
  • To compare conservative treatments, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and surgical interventions.
  • To highlight recovery timelines and specific indications for surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of conservative treatments for plantar fasciitis.
  • Analysis of studies comparing extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to surgical outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

  • Evaluation of recovery rates for endoscopic versus open surgical release.

    • Main Results:

    • Conservative treatments are effective for over 90% of plantar fasciitis cases, requiring sustained physician encouragement.
    • Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) demonstrates a success rate similar to surgery with fewer complications.
    • Endoscopic surgery offers a faster recovery (4-5 weeks earlier) than open surgery, with comparable long-term results.

    Conclusions:

    • Plantar fasciitis management typically involves conservative measures with a high success rate.
    • Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) presents a viable, noninvasive treatment option.
    • Surgical intervention, particularly endoscopic release, may be considered for faster recovery, with open release indicated for specific nerve entrapment cases.