Clostridium tagluense sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium from permafrost

A strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, psychrotolerant, endospore-forming bacterium (strain A121(T)) was isolated from a permafrost sample collected in the Canadian High Arctic. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A121(T) showed its affiliation with the group of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant members of cluster I of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium bowmanii DSM 14206(T) being the closest relative (sequence similarity 98.5 %). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain A121(T) and the type strains of phylogenetically related species ranged from 33 to 52 %. Strain A121(T) grew in PY broth at temperatures between 4 and 28 degrees C (optimum 15-20 degrees C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 6.5-7.2) and in NaCl concentrations of 0-10.0 % (optimum 0-2.0 %). The strain utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy, including glucose, fructose, trehalose, maltose and starch; it also hydrolysed gelatin. Predominant fatty acids were C(16 : 1) cis9, C(16 : 1) cis9 DMA, C(16 : 0) and C(14 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 31.5 mol%. On the basis of its overall genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain A121(T) is classified within a novel species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium tagluense sp. nov. The type strain is A121(T) (=VKM B-2369(T) =DSM 17763(T)).