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Related Concept Videos

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Performance evaluation for an optical hybrid switch with circuit queued reservations.

Eric Wong, Moshe Zukerman

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new loss model for optical hybrid switches, incorporating circuit queued reservations. The model accurately predicts blocking probabilities and circuit delays, enabling efficient switch dimensioning.

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    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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    Published on: May 30, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
    09:23

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

    Published on: May 30, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Telecommunications Engineering
    • Optical Networking

    Background:

    • Optical hybrid switches combine optical burst switching (OBS) and optical circuit switching (OCS).
    • Efficient resource management and performance modeling are crucial for these switches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel loss model for optical hybrid switches.
    • To introduce and analyze the "circuit queued reservation" feature.
    • To provide accurate performance metrics for both burst and circuit traffic.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis using a 3-dimensional state-space Markov chain for exact results.
    • Derivation of computationally scalable and accurate approximations by reducing state space.
    • Evaluation of blocking probabilities, delayed circuit proportion, and mean circuit delay.

    Main Results:

    • The Markov chain model provides exact blocking probabilities for bursts and circuits.
    • Scalable approximations accurately predict performance in large-scale scenarios.
    • The "circuit queued reservation" feature's impact on delay and blocking is quantified.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed loss model accurately captures the performance of optical hybrid switches with queued reservations.
    • Scalable approximations facilitate practical switch dimensioning.
    • The "circuit queued reservation" feature enhances wavelength utilization and service quality.