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Related Concept Videos

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

Published on: August 25, 2016

High-resolution THz spectrometer with kHz scan rates.

A Bartels, A Thoma, C Janke

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a rapid scanning terahertz (THz) spectrometer using asynchronous optical sampling. It achieves high-resolution THz spectroscopy with 230 fs time resolution and observes water absorption lines.

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    Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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    Published on: August 25, 2016

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is crucial for material characterization.
    • Traditional THz spectrometers often rely on mechanical delay lines, limiting scanning speed and resolution.
    • Developing non-mechanical, high-speed THz acquisition methods is essential for advanced research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel, rapid scanning, high-resolution THz spectrometer.
    • To achieve THz field transient acquisition without a mechanical delay line.
    • To enable high-speed asynchronous optical sampling for enhanced spectral analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two 1-GHz Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers with a fixed repetition rate difference.
    • Employed a GaAs-based THz emitter driven by one laser.
    • Implemented electro-optic detection using the second laser for THz field sampling.
    • Achieved rapid scanning at a rate of 9 kHz.

    Main Results:

    • Acquired THz field transients with 1 ns duration without mechanical delay.
    • Attained a time resolution of 230 fs at a 9 kHz scan rate.
    • Obtained high-resolution spectra from 50 GHz to 3 THz.
    • Successfully observed water absorption lines with 11 GHz width.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed THz spectrometer enables rapid scanning and high time-resolution simultaneously.
    • Asynchronous optical sampling with 1 GHz femtosecond lasers is key to this performance.
    • This technique offers a powerful tool for high-resolution THz spectral analysis.