Photonic crystal-liquid crystal fibers for single-polarization or high-birefringence guidance

The dispersive characteristics of a photonic crystal fiber enhanced with a liquid crystal core are studied using a planewave expansion method. Numerical results demonstrate that by appropriate design such fibers can function in a single-mode/single-polarization operation, exhibit high- or low- birefringence behavior, or switch between an on-state and an off-state (no guided modes supported). All of the above can be controlled by the application of an external electric field, the specific liquid crystal anchoring conditions and the fiber structural parameters.