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Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations: What...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

THz-wave parametric oscillator with a surface-emitted configuration.

Tomofumi Ikari, Xianbin Zhang, Hiroaki Minamide

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel terahertz-wave parametric oscillator design for efficient THz wave generation. This surface-emitted cavity configuration simplifies the system and achieves tunable THz output.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Terahertz Science and Technology

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) wave generation often requires complex optical setups.
    • Efficient and tunable THz sources are crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a simplified surface-emitted cavity configuration for a THz-wave parametric oscillator.
    • To achieve THz wave emission perpendicular to the nonlinear crystal surface without an output coupler.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a single resonance cavity where pump and idler waves reflect at the nonlinear crystal surface.
    • Satisfied the noncollinear phase-matching condition for THz generation.
    • Characterized the emitted THz wave's profile, beam quality, and tunable range.

    Main Results:

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    • Demonstrated THz wave emission perpendicular to the crystal surface.
    • Achieved a Gaussian THz beam profile with excellent beam quality factors (M² ≈ 1.2).
    • Obtained a widely tunable output from 0.8 to 2.74 THz.
    • Successfully demonstrated THz transmission imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed surface-emitted cavity configuration offers a simplified and effective method for THz-wave parametric oscillation.
    • This approach enables efficient, tunable, and high-quality THz beam generation suitable for imaging and other applications.