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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Broad angular multilayer analyzer for soft X-rays.

Z S Wang, H C Wang, J T Zhu

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Non-periodic multilayer analyzers for soft X-rays were designed and fabricated. Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayers achieved high s-reflectivity, with Mo/Si demonstrating over 45.6% reflectivity and 99.98% polarization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Broad angular multilayer analyzers are crucial for soft X-ray applications.
    • Designing non-periodic multilayers is challenging but offers performance advantages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate non-periodic multilayer analyzers for broad angular ranges.
    • To achieve high s-reflectivity and polarization for soft X-ray applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical optimization algorithms were employed for multilayer design.
    • Direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering was used for fabrication.
    • Soft X-ray polarimetry was utilized for characterization.

    Main Results:

    • Designed Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayers provide plateau s-reflectivity of 65% and 45% at 13 nm, respectively.
    • Designed Ni/C multilayer shows 16% s-reflectivity at 5.7 nm.
    • Fabricated Mo/Si multilayer achieved >45.6% s-reflectivity and >99.98% polarization at 13 nm over 45-49 degrees.

    Conclusions:

    • Non-periodic multilayer designs enable efficient broad angular soft X-ray analysis.
    • DC magnetron sputtering is a viable method for fabricating these advanced multilayer optics.
    • The fabricated Mo/Si multilayer meets high performance requirements for polarization-sensitive soft X-ray measurements.