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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Oriented Surfaces01:30

Oriented Surfaces

A surface is called orientable if a consistent choice of unit normal vector can be made at every point on the surface. A thin soap film stretched across a wire loop provides a familiar example. The film separates the air on one side from the air on the other, so one side can be selected as positive and the opposite side as negative. Once this choice is made, a unit normal vector can be assigned smoothly across the entire surface.At each point on the soap film, a unit normal vector points...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

A conceptual cortical surface atlas.

Dharmendra S Modha1

  • 1IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, United States of America. dmodha@us.ibm.com

Plos One
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a method to convert 3-D slice-based brain atlases into surface atlases. This new format enhances visualization and understanding of complex cortical structures for Rhesus Monkey brains.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Volumetric, slice-based 3-D brain atlases are essential for studying cortical convolutions.
  • Existing atlases can be difficult to visualize and interpret due to their complex, multi-slice nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for converting slice-based brain atlases into a more intuitive surface-based format.
  • To improve the visualization, understanding, and accessibility of brain atlas data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a scheme to transform each slice of a 3-D atlas into a 1-D vector.
  • Concatenated these vectors into a 2-D matrix, preserving spatial contiguity.
  • Applied the method to a coronal slice-based atlas of the Rhesus Monkey cortex.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated conceptual surface-based atlases from a slice-based Rhesus Monkey cortical atlas.
  • The resulting surface atlases offer enhanced visualization compared to traditional slice-based formats.
  • Demonstrated the utility of the new format for indexing and browsing brain atlas data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method provides a valuable approach to converting volumetric, slice-based atlases into user-friendly surface representations.
  • Conceptual surface atlases serve as a useful complement to slice-based atlases for neuroanatomical research.
  • This technique facilitates better comprehension and navigation of complex brain structures.