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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic01:15

Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by acetylcholine and nicotine. Upon activation, they cause a rapid increase in the permeability of cells to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, followed by depolarization and excitation. They are in the autonomic ganglia, skeletal neuromuscular junction, CNS, and adrenal medulla.
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

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Published on: February 10, 2012

Nicotine on rat TRAM flap.

Pedro Bins Ely1, Ludmila Aimi Kobayashi, José Humberto Oliveira Campos

  • 1Plastic Surgery Unit, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nicotine significantly increases necrosis in rat transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps, a crucial component in breast reconstruction. This study highlights nicotine

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Experimental Surgery

Background:

  • Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps are vital for breast reconstruction post-mastectomy.
  • Nicotine's negative impact on cutaneous flap survival is known, but its effect on musculocutaneous flaps remains unproven.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of nicotine on the survival of TRAM flaps in a rat model.
  • To determine if nicotine exposure increases flap necrosis.

Main Methods:

  • 30 Wistar rats were divided into control (saline) and experimental (nicotine) groups.
  • Animals received daily subcutaneous injections for 28 days preoperatively.
  • Caudally based, right unipedicled TRAM flaps were surgically created, with viability assessed 48 hours post-procedure.

Main Results:

  • The experimental group exposed to nicotine exhibited a significantly larger area of flap necrosis compared to the control group.
  • Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney's test confirmed the significance of this finding (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine administration demonstrably increases the extent of necrosis in TRAM flaps.
  • These findings suggest nicotine adversely affects musculocutaneous flap viability, with implications for reconstructive surgery.