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In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Transgenic Rodent Assay for Quantifying Male Germ Cell Mutant Frequency

Transgenic Rodent Assay for Quantifying Male Germ Cell Mutant Frequency

Published on: August 6, 2014

Large-scale mouse mutagenesis.

Elizabeth J Cartwright¹

¹Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK. elizabeth.j.cartwright@manchester.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are creating knockout mouse models to systematically determine gene function. This ambitious project aims to generate 20,000-25,000 models to advance understanding of biology and disease.

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Area of Science:

Genetics and Genomics
Developmental Biology
Physiology

Background:

Transgenic mouse models have been crucial for gene function studies since the 1980s.
Despite decades of research, the function of most genes remains unknown.
A comprehensive understanding of genome function necessitates systematic gene mutation.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the necessity and scope of a large-scale initiative to generate knockout mouse models.
To establish approximately 20,000-25,000 knockout mouse models for every protein-coding gene.
To facilitate a deeper understanding of mammalian physiology, development, and disease.

Main Methods:

Systematic mutation of protein-coding genes within the mouse genome.
Development of large-scale, coordinated programs for generating genetically modified mice.
Leveraging established transgenesis techniques for efficient model creation.

Main Results:

Recent establishment of coordinated programs to achieve the goal of comprehensive gene knockout.
Potential to streamline the generation of mutant mouse models for researchers.
Anticipation of a future where mouse models are readily accessible, similar to laboratory reagents.

Conclusions:

A systematic approach to generating knockout mouse models is vital for advancing biological knowledge.
Large-scale initiatives can overcome the challenges of individual gene function determination.
The future of genetic research may involve easily accessible, pre-generated mutant mouse models.