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Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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T antigen transgenic mouse models.

Maria Teresa Sáenz Robles1, James M Pipas

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|June 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Polyomavirus research uses cell cultures and transgenic mice to understand viral oncogenesis. Studies show Simian virus 40 large T antigen disrupts cell cycle regulation by targeting Rb and p53 proteins, contributing to tumor formation.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Polyomavirus research relies on cell culture and transgenic mouse models.
  • These methods identify viral targets and their cellular consequences.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering viral oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen in oncogenic transformation.
  • To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying SV40-induced tumorigenesis.
  • To reconcile findings from in vitro studies with in vivo observations in transgenic models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cell culture and in vitro assays to study viral-host interactions.
  • Employing transgenic mice models to investigate SV40 large T antigen's in vivo effects.

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  • Analyzing the impact of T antigen mutants in various cellular and tissue contexts.

    • Main Results:

    • SV40 large T antigen inactivates retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins, promoting cell cycle entry.
    • T antigen inhibits p53, preventing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    • Transgenic mouse studies largely support the in vitro model but reveal complexities in vivo.

    Conclusions:

    • SV40 large T antigen contributes to oncogenic transformation by manipulating key cell cycle regulators.
    • In vivo studies with T antigen mutants highlight the importance of tissue-specific context in tumorigenesis.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand in vivo mechanisms of polyomavirus-induced cancer.