Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing across the life span: exploring a human disorder using animal models

Area of Science:

• Sleep Medicine
• Respiratory Physiology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses various sleep-related breathing issues.
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent form, marked by airway obstruction, hypoventilation, and central apneas.
• These events cause hypoxia, hypercapnia, sleep fragmentation, and increased sympathetic activity, impacting quality of life.

Discussion:

• Obesity is a key risk factor for upper airway obstruction during sleep.
• Hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles in OSA induce oxidative stress.
• Animal models have been crucial in dissecting OSA's genetic and neuromechanical underpinnings.

Key Insights:

• Research has elucidated the genetic determinants of OSA.
• The neuromechanical control of the upper airway across lifespan is a focus.
• Metabolic consequences, particularly oxidative stress, are linked to OSA.

Outlook:

• Advancements in animal models, from canine to rodent studies, deepen OSA understanding.
• Improved comprehension of OSA pathogenesis and consequences facilitates better patient care.
• Continued research promises enhanced therapeutic strategies for SDB.