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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Scapula free flap for complex maxillofacial reconstruction.

Valentino Valentini¹, Paolo Gennaro, Andrea Torroni

¹Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|June 10, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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The scapula flap is a versatile option for reconstructing complex maxillofacial defects, offering excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes. This study highlights its effectiveness in various cases, including tumors and trauma.

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Reconstruction of composite tissue defects in the mandible and maxilla is crucial after cancer resection, trauma, or malformations.
Microvascular free flaps are the primary method for these complex maxillofacial reconstructions.
The scapula flap is a notable option due to its suitability for bone, soft tissue, or combined defects.

Observation:

Seven patients with complex maxillofacial defects underwent reconstruction using subscapular system flaps.
Defects included Romberg syndrome, malignant tumors, and post-traumatic defects affecting the maxilla, mandible, and mid-face.
Both parascapular and composite latissimus dorsi-scapula flaps were utilized.

Findings:

All harvested flaps were successful, with no donor site complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Excellent aesthetic and functional results were achieved in all seven cases.

The osteofasciocutaneous scapular free flap demonstrated suitability for large defects involving both soft and hard tissues.

Implications:

The subscapular system offers versatile flap options from a single pedicle.
The osteomuscular latissimus dorsi-scapula flap is advocated for large-volume defects.
Fasciocutaneous parascapular flaps serve as a viable alternative for soft tissue defect reconstruction.