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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:04

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 15, 2020

[Neurodegenerative disease].

Jun Goto1, Seiji Tsuji

  • 1Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying genes for neurological diseases has advanced significantly. New sequencing technologies promise to revolutionize genetic research and personalized medicine for both inherited and sporadic conditions.

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Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: June 28, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:04

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 15, 2020

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:36

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Genetics

Context:

  • Over 200 genes for degenerative neurological diseases have been identified.
  • The Human Genome Project and DNA chip technology facilitated genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for sporadic diseases.
  • Emerging sequencing technologies enable personal genome resequencing.

Purpose:

  • To review the progress in identifying genes responsible for hereditary neurological diseases.
  • To highlight the role of GWAS in understanding the genetic basis of sporadic neurological disorders.
  • To discuss the transformative potential of personal genome resequencing in genomic research and medicine.

Summary:

  • Gene cloning has been crucial in understanding hereditary neurological diseases, with over 200 genes identified.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), enabled by technological advancements, are now elucidating genetic factors in sporadic diseases like ALS and MS.
  • Emerging deep resequencing technologies are poised to revolutionize genomic research and personalized medicine.

Impact:

  • Accelerated discovery of disease-causing genes for both hereditary and sporadic neurological conditions.
  • Advancement of personalized medicine through individual genetic profiling.
  • Transformative potential for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders based on genetic insights.