Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
Published on: June 23, 2023
[Postgraduate education and the board certification system from the standpoint of thoracic surgery as one of
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Abstract:
The board certification system for thoracic surgeon has been established as one of subsupecialty fields of the same system of surgery and has been managed by the unique system of joint committee of which member was from both The Japanese Association for Chest Surgery and The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery. Since then, 5 years have passed and the first renewal of the license was carried out in 2009. Several inconsistencies between the system for surgeon and thoracic surgeon have been corrected and the differences among subspecialty fields were adequately modified during this period. However, further improvement is necessary such as treating the one who cannot renew the license due to inevitable reasons. The program of postgraduate clinical training system in this country also should be reviewed for efficient training for future surgeons, since it contains too much duty for only 2 years. It must be considered that much time is necessary for growing a dependable experienced surgeon whose active working period is shorter compared to other field of medicine.
Related Concept Videos
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Pneumothorax-II
Clinical Manifestations:
Tertiary Healthcare System
Secondary Healthcare System
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques
