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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...

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High Throughput SiRNA Screening for Chloropicrin and Hydrogen Fluoride-Induced Cornea Epithelial Cell Injury
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Unintentional endosulfan poisoning.

Salim Satar1, Ahmet Sebe, Nezihat Rana Alpay

  • 1Cukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Balcali-Adana, Turkey.

Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
|June 11, 2009
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Summary

Endosulfan poisoning can cause severe seizures and metabolic disturbances. Prompt symptomatic treatment, including thiopental sodium and hemodialysis, led to full recovery in all reported cases of organochloride insecticide intoxication.

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High Throughput SiRNA Screening for Chloropicrin and Hydrogen Fluoride-Induced Cornea Epithelial Cell Injury
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Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
08:49

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Endosulfan, an organochloride insecticide, is widely used for pest control.
  • Endosulfan intoxication is associated with severe health consequences, including fatalities.
  • Prompt medical intervention is crucial for managing endosulfan poisoning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case series of endosulfan poisoning.
  • To describe the clinical courses and treatment outcomes.
  • To highlight effective management strategies for severe endosulfan intoxication.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of patients admitted with endosulfan poisoning.
  • Clinical observation and documentation of symptoms and treatment.
  • Review of treatment interventions, including anticonvulsants and hemodialysis.

Main Results:

  • Two patients presented with status epilepticus, successfully managed with thiopental sodium.
  • One patient required hemodialysis in addition to supportive care.
  • All patients experienced complete recovery and were discharged in good health.

Conclusions:

  • Endosulfan poisoning presents with severe neurological and metabolic disturbances.
  • Symptomatic and supportive treatment, including specific interventions like thiopental sodium and hemodialysis, is effective.
  • Early and appropriate medical management ensures favorable outcomes in endosulfan poisoning cases.