Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Waveshape distortion of high frequency acoustic waves in gas media.

Ultrasonics·2019

Same author

Two-step hybrid calibration of remote microphones.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2018

Same author

Erratum: An experimental application of aeroacoustic time-reversal to the Aeolian tone [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 139(2), 740-763 (2016)].

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2016

Same author

An experimental application of aeroacoustic time-reversal to the Aeolian tone.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2016

Same author

Adaptive velocity-based six degree of freedom load control for real-time unconstrained biomechanical testing.

Journal of biomechanics·2014

Same author

Active noise control in a free field with virtual sensors.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Active noise control in a pure tone diffuse sound field using virtual sensing.

D J Moreau¹, J Ghan, B S Cazzolato

¹School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. danielle.moreau@mecheng.adelaide.edu.au

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|June 11, 2009

Summary

Virtual acoustic sensors extend active noise control zones beyond physical sensors. This study validates their effectiveness in diffuse sound fields, enabling remote noise reduction.

More Related Videos

An Automated System for Sound Localization Testing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

An Automated System for Sound Localization Testing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Published on: March 13, 2026

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

An Automated System for Sound Localization Testing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

An Automated System for Sound Localization Testing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Published on: March 13, 2026

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Acoustics
Signal Processing

Background:

Local active noise control (ANC) creates a quiet zone limited to the sensor's location.
Sensor placement is critical and often inconvenient for desired noise attenuation.
Virtual acoustic sensors project the quiet zone to a remote location.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the effectiveness of virtual sensors in pure tone diffuse sound fields.
Develop stochastically optimal virtual sensors for diffuse fields.
Analyze and predict optimal control performance.

Main Methods:

Development of virtual microphones and virtual energy density sensors.
Analytical formulation of controlled sound fields for various control strategies.
Numerical simulations and experimental validation in a reverberation chamber.

Main Results:

Demonstration of virtual sensor effectiveness in diffuse sound fields.
Prediction of optimal control performance using analytical expressions.
Comparison of simulation and experimental results.

Conclusions:

Virtual acoustic sensors offer a viable solution for extending ANC quiet zones.
The developed virtual sensors are effective in diffuse sound fields.
Analytical models accurately predict control performance.