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The relation of arterial stiffness with intrauterine growth retardation
Ertürk Levent1, Tahir Atik, Sükran Darcan
1Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey.
Insights
Children with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) show increased abdominal aortic stiffness, suggesting prenatal factors may influence cardiovascular risk early in life.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular research
- Pediatric cardiology
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Epidemiological studies link low birthweight to adult cardiovascular disease.
- Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk later in life.
- The impact of IUGR on cardiovascular health in younger individuals remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate abdominal aortic stiffness in children with IUGR.
- To determine if IUGR is associated with altered aortic stiffness at younger ages.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-two children with IUGR (born at term, small for gestational age) and 31 healthy controls were studied.
- Aortic strain, pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep), normalized Ep, and aortic distensibility were measured using sphygmomanometry and echocardiography.
- Participants were matched for age and sex; key metabolic and hormonal markers were also compared.
Main Results:
- IUGR children exhibited significantly lower aortic strain and aortic distensibility compared to controls.
- Pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and normalized Ep were significantly higher in IUGR children.
- No significant differences were observed in sex, age, BMI, lipid profiles, or key growth factors between groups.
Conclusions:
- Abdominal aortic stiffness is increased in children with IUGR.
- These findings suggest that prenatal events and IUGR may contribute to early cardiovascular risk.
Background:
Much epidemiological evidence has linked low birthweight with late cardiovascular risk. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life; it is unclear whether the relationship is present at younger ages. We evaluated whether abdominal aortic stiffness was altered in patients with IUGR (born at term with birthweight small for gestational age) in younger ages.
Methods:
Thirty-two (24 girls and eight boys) IUGR children aged 8.77 +/- 2.05 years were enrolled in the study. The birthweight was traced from the medical records. Their gestational ages were 38.9 +/- 0.85 weeks and birthweights 2130 +/- 198 g, respectively. Thirty-one healthy subjects who had normal gestational age and birthweight, matched for age and sex were recruited as a control group. Aortic strain, pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep), and normalized Ep and aortic distensibility were measured by a sphygmomanometer and transthoracic echocardiography in all subjects from the abdominal aorta.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control groups in sex, mean age, body mass index, lipid profile, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1 or insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. In IUGR children, aortic strain (0.201 +/- 0.027 vs 0.254 +/- 0.031, P < 0.001) and aortic distensibility (1.08 +/- 0.19 vs 1.42 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) were significantly lower compared with the control group. However Ep (188 +/- 36.2 vs 146 +/- 27.1, P < 0.001) and normalized Ep (2.97 +/- 0.40 vs 2.1 +/- 0.39, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in IUGR patients.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that abdominal aortic stiffness is increased in IUGR patients. These data suggest that prenatal events could be related to cardiovascular risk in later life.
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