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Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

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Antileishmanial activity in Israeli plants.

J El-On¹, L Ozer, J Gopas

¹The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. jelon@bgu.ac.il

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology

|June 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Methanolic extracts from Israeli plants were tested for leishmanicidal activity. Nuphar lutea extract showed significant efficacy against Leishmania major, eliminating intracellular parasites with no host toxicity, suggesting potential for new antileishmanial drugs.

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Pharmacognosy
Medicinal Botany

Background:

Leishmaniasis is a significant vector-borne protozoan disease.
Current treatments for leishmaniasis are limited by toxicity and drug resistance.
There is an urgent need for novel, effective, and safe antileishmanial therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of methanolic extracts from various Israeli plants against Leishmania major.
To identify plant species with potent antileishmanial properties.
To assess the toxicity of promising extracts on host macrophages.

Main Methods:

Screening of 41 methanolic plant extracts against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania major.
Determination of median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) and median lethal concentrations (LD50).
Comparison of efficacy with the gold standard drug, paromomycin.

Main Results:

Nine plant extracts exhibited antileishmanial activity.
Nuphar lutea extract demonstrated high efficacy, eliminating intracellular parasites at 1.25 microg/ml with no detectable host cell toxicity.
N. lutea extract showed favorable IC50 values against both promastigotes and amastigotes, with a therapeutic selectivity index of 3.23.

Conclusions:

Nuphar lutea and Withania somnifera extracts show significant potential as sources for developing new antileishmanial drugs.
N. lutea extract possesses potent leishmanicidal activity comparable to paromomycin, with a good safety profile.
Further research into N. lutea and W. somnifera could lead to novel treatments for leishmaniasis.