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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Chronic periaortitis: a fibro-inflammatory disorder.

Alessandra Palmisano1, Augusto Vaglio

  • 1Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chronic periaortitis, a rare aortic condition, may stem from autoimmune causes, not just atherosclerosis. Diagnosis uses advanced imaging, and treatment combines medications and procedures.

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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic periaortitis involves fibro-inflammatory tissue around the abdominal aorta.
  • It shares similarities with large-vessel vasculitides and may have a systemic autoimmune origin.
  • Pathogenesis remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of chronic periaortitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chronic periaortitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques including CT, MRI, and FDG/PET.
  • Evaluation of current empirical treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Chronic periaortitis presents as a spectrum of rare aortic conditions.
  • Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and assessing inflammatory activity.
  • Treatment is empirical, often requiring a combination of therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic periaortitis may have autoimmune origins, extending beyond atherosclerosis.
  • Multimodal imaging is essential for diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Effective management necessitates a combined therapeutic approach including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and surgical interventions.