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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Epigenetic modifiers: basic understanding and clinical development.

Richard L Piekarz1, Susan E Bates

  • 1Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic therapies, including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, are emerging cancer treatments. Further research into epigenetics may expand their use to more cancer types.

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Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins
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Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins
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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epigenetic therapies have become a significant addition to cancer treatment strategies.
  • DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are approved for specific hematologic malignancies and lymphomas.
  • The clinical efficacy of monotherapy with these agents is currently limited, but combination studies are ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and translational aspects of epigenetics research in cancer.
  • To highlight the growing understanding of the epigenome's complexity and its role in oncogenesis.
  • To explore the potential for broader applications of epigenetic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epigenetic therapies, including DNMT inhibitors and HDIs.
  • Discussion of basic science advancements in understanding the epigenome, histone code, and aberrant methylation.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and ongoing combination studies.

Main Results:

  • Approved epigenetic drugs include 5-azacytidine, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, belinostat, and entinostat.
  • These drugs show efficacy in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myelogenous leukemia, and certain types of lymphoma.
  • Basic science research is continually uncovering new epigenetic targets and mechanisms in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic therapies offer a promising avenue for cancer treatment by normalizing the epigenome.
  • Continued basic and clinical research is essential to expand the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs.
  • The complexity of the epigenome presents numerous opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies.