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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

Targeting DNA methylation.

Jean-Pierre J Issa1, Hagop M Kantarjian

  • 1Department of Leukemia and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jissa@mdanderson.org

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation inhibitors like azacitidine and decitabine are effective epigenetic therapies for myelodysplastic syndrome. Further research is needed to understand their mechanisms and expand their use in solid tumors.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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06:07

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Published on: August 5, 2022

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of fatal leukemia.
  • Azacitidine and decitabine are nucleoside inhibitors of DNA methylation.
  • These drugs, initially developed as cytotoxic agents, have been repurposed for epigenetic therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the success of DNA methylation inhibitors as epigenetic therapy for MDS.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions for epigenetic cancer therapy.
  • To explore the potential of targeting DNA methylation in solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on azacitidine and decitabine in MDS treatment.
  • Analysis of the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer.
  • Discussion of challenges in translating epigenetic therapies to solid tumors.

Main Results:

  • Azacitidine and decitabine are standard care for MDS, demonstrating the efficacy of epigenetic therapy.
  • The precise mechanisms of action and resistance to these drugs are not fully understood.
  • Significant hurdles exist in applying these therapies to solid tumors, including drug delivery and patient selection.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic therapy using DNA methylation inhibitors has shown promise in hematological malignancies.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate drug mechanisms, overcome resistance, and optimize treatment strategies.
  • Targeting DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms holds transformative potential for cancer treatment beyond current applications.