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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

Parental Care

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Dental care during pregnancy.

Tanya Wrzosek, Adrienne Einarson

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|June 11, 2009

Summary

Pregnant individuals can safely receive dental treatment, including procedures for periodontitis, local anesthetics, amalgams, and X-rays. Timely dental care supports maternal health and can improve pregnancy outcomes for a healthier mother and baby.

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dental Surgery
Public Health

Background:

Many pregnant patients inquire about the safety of deferring dental treatment until after childbirth.
Concerns exist regarding potential risks of dental procedures during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and necessity of performing dental treatments during pregnancy.
To address patient concerns about the risks of dental procedures for the developing fetus.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on dental treatments during pregnancy.
Analysis of risks associated with periodontitis treatment, local anesthetics, amalgams, and X-ray imaging.

Main Results:

Appropriate and timely dental care is linked to improved pregnancy outcomes and maternal comfort.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Treatment of periodontitis during pregnancy is not associated with increased fetal risk.

Conclusions:

Local anesthetics, amalgams, and X-ray scans during pregnancy do not pose a significant risk to the fetus.
Essential dental care during pregnancy is crucial for maintaining the optimal health of both mother and baby.