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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis
07:46

Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Immunomodulation in endometrial cancer.

Nicole Brooks1, Dodie S Pouniotis

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer : Official Journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy shows promise for endometrial cancer, but immunosuppression hinders its effectiveness. This review explores immune cell and factor modulation contributing to immunotherapy resistance in endometrial cancer patients.

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Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cancer Immunology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Endometrial cancer is a prevalent gynecological malignancy.
  • Immunotherapy aims to harness the host immune system for tumor eradication.
  • Immunosuppression is a known barrier to effective cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on immunomodulation in endometrial cancer.
  • To identify factors contributing to immunotherapy inefficiency.
  • To understand the role of immune cells and factors in endometrial cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating endometrial cancer.
  • Analysis of research on T cell, cytokine, and macrophage immunomodulation.
  • Examination of studies on apoptotic and angiogenic factor regulation.

Main Results:

  • Endometrial cancer exhibits significant immunomodulation.
  • T cells, cytokines, and macrophages are key players in immune response.
  • Apoptotic and angiogenic factors are regulated in endometrial cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosuppression in endometrial cancer impedes immunotherapy.
  • Understanding immune modulation is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to overcome immunotherapy resistance.