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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

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Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

The interplay between MAMP and SA signaling.

Kenichi Tsuda1, Jane Glazebrook, Fumiaki Katagiri

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute; University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota USA.

Plant Signaling & Behavior
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect microbial patterns like flg22, triggering salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and defense gene expression. This study reveals SA signaling

Keywords:
MAMPPAD4PAMPSID2arabidopsisexpression profilingsalicylic acid (SA)

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Published on: March 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity
  • Molecular plant-pathogen interactions
  • Plant signaling pathways

Background:

  • Plants possess two main recognition modes for biotrophic pathogens: pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detecting microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and resistance (R) genes recognizing pathogen effectors.
  • Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defenses are crucial for R gene-mediated resistance, but the interaction between MAMP-triggered immunity and SA signaling was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between MAMP-triggered immunity and salicylic acid (SA) signaling in Arabidopsis.
  • To elucidate the role of SA signaling in flg22-induced plant defense responses.
  • To identify potential signaling components involved in flg22-triggered SA accumulation and resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana treated with flg22, a MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin.
  • Analysis of SA accumulation and gene expression in response to flg22 treatment.
  • Assessment of flg22-triggered resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) in plants with disrupted SA signaling components.

Main Results:

  • Treatment with flg22 induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves.
  • Disruptions in SA signaling components significantly impacted MAMP-triggered gene expression.
  • Flg22-induced resistance to Pst DC3000 was partially dependent on SA signaling, indicating the involvement of other mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Salicylic acid (SA) signaling plays a significant role in flg22-triggered plant immunity.
  • While SA signaling is important, other mechanisms also contribute to flg22-mediated resistance against Pst DC3000.
  • Further research is needed to identify the components of flg22-triggered SA accumulation and additional resistance pathways.