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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin networks...
Fibril-associated Collagen01:11

Fibril-associated Collagen

Fibril-associated collagens are a type of collagens present in the extracellular matrix with interrupted triple helices or FACIT (Fibril-associated collagens interrupted triple-helices). FACIT help connect and attach the collagen fibrils with each other as well as with other proteins of the extracellular matrix.
For example, the type II collagen fibrils in cartilage have covalently bound type IX fibril-associated collagens at regular intervals. Other types of fibril-associated collagens are...
Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Fibrous Proteins00:55

Fibrous Proteins

Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
16:33

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

Published on: April 17, 2014

Biogenesis and function of fibrillin assemblies.

Francesco Ramirez1, Lynn Y Sakai

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. francesco.ramirez@mssm.edu

Cell and Tissue Research
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Fibrillins are key proteins for tissue structure and cell signaling. Mutations in fibrillins cause disease, highlighting their role in regulating growth factors like TGFbeta and BMP.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Extracellular Matrix Biology

Background:

  • Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 are glycoproteins essential for tissue integrity and cell signaling.
  • They assemble into microfibrils and elastic fibers, influencing tissue structure.
  • Fibrillins also regulate signaling pathways by sequestering growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual structural and instructive roles of fibrillins.
  • To understand how fibrillin mutations impact human health.
  • To explore the integration of fibrillins within broader cellular networks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fibrillin mutations in human patients.
  • Studies using genetically engineered mouse models.
  • Biochemical and cell biological characterization of fibrillin function.

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Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction
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Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction

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Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
08:02

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles

Published on: May 5, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
16:33

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

Published on: April 17, 2014

Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction
10:37

Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction

Published on: January 16, 2014

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
08:02

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles

Published on: May 5, 2022

Main Results:

  • Fibrillin dysfunction, due to mutations, leads to various diseases.
  • Fibrillins modulate transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.
  • Microfibril composition dictates context-specific signaling, affecting cell differentiation and tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • Fibrillins are critical molecular integrators of structural and instructive signals.
  • TGFbeta and BMP signaling are key pathways modulated by fibrillins.
  • Fibrillin-rich microfibrils provide context-dependent cellular responses crucial for development and homeostasis.