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Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
11:36

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

Proteoglycans: from structural compounds to signaling molecules.

Liliana Schaefer1, Roland M Schaefer

  • 1Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Schaefer@med.uni-frankfurt.de

Cell and Tissue Research
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteoglycans are key regulators of cellular processes, impacting signaling pathways and cell functions. Recent discoveries highlight their complex roles beyond structural support, revealing new insights into proteoglycan biology.

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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
11:36

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
11:21

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Proteoglycan biology has advanced significantly, leading to classification into small leucine-rich, modular, and cell-surface proteoglycans.
  • Proteoglycans function as structural proteins and crucial regulators of signal transduction in cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diverse functions of proteoglycans.
  • To emphasize their composition and newly identified signaling roles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on proteoglycan biology and function.
  • Analysis of proteoglycan involvement in various signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Proteoglycans modulate signaling cascades, including those involving BMP/TGF-β, RTKs, IGF-I receptor, and TLRs.
  • They influence intracellular phosphorylation events and cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Proteoglycans are sophisticated regulatory molecules with complex biological functions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the extent of their roles in cellular signaling and function.