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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS)
12:19

Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS)

Published on: October 7, 2009

[Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome].

V Chakoutio1, F Ries

  • 1Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 4, rue E. Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg.

Bulletin De La Societe Des Sciences Medicales Du Grand-Duche De Luxembourg
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis. Early diagnosis and anticoagulation are crucial for managing APS, especially in severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition.
  • Characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and clinical events like thrombosis or pregnancy loss.
  • Prevalence in internal medicine patients is 2%, with a mean age of diagnosis at 42.

Purpose:

  • To describe Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of APS.
  • To outline current treatment strategies and outcomes.

Summary:

  • APS diagnosis involves detecting aPL and clinical manifestations such as thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, or thrombocytopenia.
  • Pathogenesis involves aPL effects on coagulation pathways, though mechanisms are not fully understood.

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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS)
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Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS)

Published on: October 7, 2009

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

  • Treatment focuses on thrombosis prevention with anticoagulants and aspirin; immunomodulation's long-term efficacy is unproven.

    • Impact:

    • Thrombosis is the most common manifestation, potentially leading to multiorgan failure (catastrophic APS).
    • Treatment aims to prevent thrombosis, with mortality rates varying by etiology and severity.
    • Catastrophic APS carries a 50% mortality rate despite treatment.