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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Published on: April 23, 2019

Do you really need that emergency drug screen?

Milton Tenenbein1

  • 1Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. mtenenbein@hsc.mb.ca

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency drug screens are common but rarely impact patient management. This review questions the necessity of these tests in emergency departments, suggesting they may not significantly alter clinical decisions for various patient groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Diagnostic Testing

Background:

  • Drug screens are frequently ordered in emergency departments to ascertain if a patient's condition results from drug use.
  • Screening tests identify subclinical disease in a population, while diagnostic tests confirm specific diseases in at-risk patients.
  • Optimal screening and diagnostic tests have different performance characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the necessity and impact of emergency department drug screens.
  • To determine if routine drug screening significantly influences patient management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted, including electronic databases and reference lists.
  • Included studies focused on qualitative urine drug screening in emergency department patients.
  • Excluded were articles not relevant to emergency department drug screening.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed data from multiple retrospective case series and randomized trials involving over 6,000 patients, including children, psychiatric patients, and trauma cases.
  • No significant impact on the management of patients in the emergency department was observed across the studied populations.
  • Specific analyses for psychiatric and trauma patients also showed no significant management alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency department drug screens are unlikely to substantially affect patient management.
  • The routine use of emergency drug screens warrants re-evaluation given their limited impact on clinical decisions.