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Related Concept Videos

Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

How eukaryotic genes are transcribed.

Bryan J Venters1, B Franklin Pugh

  • 1Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic gene expression regulation involves intricate networks of nucleosomes, transcription factors, and RNA polymerase II modifications. Integrating these complex mechanisms provides a comprehensive view of gene control.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene expression regulation is highly complex, with rapid advancements challenging comprehensive understanding.
  • Integrating detailed observations into broader concepts of gene regulation remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate key concepts in eukaryotic gene expression regulation.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current insights into gene regulatory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature integrating concepts of nucleosome organization, transcription factor networks, chromatin remodeling, and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation.
  • Synthesis of data from biochemistry, genomics, cell biology, and genetics.

Main Results:

  • Detailed organization and modification states of nucleosomes are crucial at genes.
  • Sequence-specific transcription factors form regulatory networks.
  • Chromatin remodeling is coupled with the assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at promoters.
  • RNA polymerase II phosphorylation states correlate with chromatin modification states during transcription.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of these concepts offers a remarkable view into the mechanics of gene regulation.
  • Advancements in multiple scientific disciplines provide unprecedented insights into gene expression control.