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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Method for the Visualization and Assessment of Specific Parameters of the Pulmonary Veins
Published on: October 28, 2020
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of inferior vena caval thrombosis
Ashraf M Anwar1, Youssef F M Nosir, Hassan Chamsi-Pasha
1Department of Cardiology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 9862, Jeddah 21159, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) represents a subset of deep venous thrombosis. Because of the variety of its clinical presentations, the exact incidence is elusive. We present two cases of IVCT that was incidentally discovered during a routine two-dimensional echocardiography. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) assessment of IVCT added more valuable information that may help in its management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report using RT3DE in the assessment of IVCT.
Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) represents a subset of deep venous thrombosis. Because of the variety of its clinical presentations, the exact incidence is elusive. We present two cases of IVCT that was incidentally discovered during a routine two-dimensional echocardiography. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) assessment of IVCT added more valuable information that may help in its management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report using RT3DE in the assessment of IVCT.
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